The name Fortran stands for FORmula TRANslator. Originally, the name was written in all capital letters, but current standards and implementations only require the first letter to be capital. History Origins An IBM 704, the platform Fortran originally targeted at inception.įortran was created by a team lead by John Backus at IBM in 1957. Therefore, many people have moved to languages (such as Python and Ruby) for productivity purposes. It can take more time to write, compile and debug than other dynamically typed and interpreted languages. When are other languages better? įortran is a very verbose, statically typed compiled language. Where appropriate the differences in usage between legacy versions and the modern standard will be highlighted as there is a significant code base written in older versions, especially FORTRAN 77. This book is intended to help write code modern Fortran. The newer standards continuously add modern functionality and are fully backward compatible. Fortran has a rich array of mathematical libraries and scientific codebases available. It is still widely used today in numerical weather prediction, physical and chemical modelling, applied mathematics, and other high performance computing purposes. Its name is a contraction of FORmula TRANslation (old versions of the language are typically stylized as FORTRAN) and its creation marked the representation of mathematical expressions with more ease than lower level assembly language. It is one of the earliest high level programming languages, and many recognize the original versions which used punched cards to encode the programs. It is fast, portable and it has seamless handling of arrays and parallelism. Fortran remains widely used for scientific programming, among other fields.įortran is a general purpose programming language mainly used by the scientific community. Why learn Fortran? A 2020 supercomputer model of ocean velocity and sea surface temperature, generated with Fortran code. How do I issue a command to the operating system within a Fortran program? 23.5 Q: How can I convert a string to an integer and other types? What about the reverse?.23.4 Q: What does the open statement look like using this technique? OPEN(UNIT = _, FILE = ?, STATUS='NEW')?.23.3 Q: How do I create numbered file names such as out_01.txt, out_02.txt etc.?.23.2 Q: What Fortran compiler should I use?.22.4.6 Internal and Elemental Procedures.22.4.3 Dynamic memory allocation and arrays.22.3.3 FORTRAN 90 program to find the area of a triangle.17.1.3.2 Abstract base type and deferred procedure.17.1.2.1.1 Splitting of definitions and implementations.15.2 IEEE floating point error detection and reporting.14.1 Introduction and historical background.12.7 Actual/Dummy arguments of type character.12.4 Language-defined Intrinsic Functions and Subprograms.8.5.1 Different function result definitions.
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